Crop diversity is one of the most important components of complex agro-biodiversity and biodiversity systems and plays an important role towards sustainable agricultural activity. Thus, understanding the diversity, distribution, challenges of crop the diversity as well as factors affecting crop diversity in the agro-ecosystem is an indispensable for the agro-biodiversity conservation. The study was conducted in Kersamalima woreda south west shewa zone of oromiya regional state with an objective of investigating on agro-biodiversity in particular to crop diversity. Household survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire and group discussion with key informants and direct field observation were also held for the study. ANOVA, multiple regressions, Pearson correlations, and other descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The result showed the highest Shannon diversity and direct count value, 2.3 and 10, respectively were observed in kersawerko kebele (1996m asl) whereas, the least 2.00 and 0.5, respectively were seen in Tukagodeti and Ilalawako kebeles ( > 3093m asl).